Cell growth and Reproduction
Answer key
1. During what phase does the Nuclear membrane break down and the chromosomes start to get smaller as the DNA molecules coil up?
A.Metaphase
B.Anaphase
C.Prophase- answer
D.Telophase
Answer Explanation: During Prophase, the nuclear membrane begins to break down. The DNA molecules coil up making the chromosomes much smaller. During Metaphase the spindles attach to the centromeres on the sister chromatids, during Anaphase the spindles shorten and the sister chromatids are pulled apart, and Telophase is where new nuclear membranes form around the newly separated chromosomes.
2. What are the complementary base pairing rules?
A. A with C and T with G
B. A with T and C with G- answer
C. A with G and C with T
D. A with T and G with T
Answer Explanation: A with T and C with G always pair together. A is never with C or G, C is never with A or T, and G is never with A or T. A is short for Adenine, G is short for Guanine, C is short for Cytosine, and T is short for Thymine. These rules were made due to the chemical structure of each base. Adenine and Thymine establish two hydrogen bonds between them. Guanine and Cytosine establish three hydrogen bonds between them.
3. What is the first phase of Mitosis?
A.Prophase - answer
B.Cytokinesis
C.Telophase
D.Anaphase
Answer Explanation: Mitosis is divided into four phases which are: Prophase is the first phase where the nuclear membrane starts to break down and the chromosomes get smaller, Metaphase where the spindles attach to the centromeres on the sister chromatids, Anaphase where the spindles shorten and the sister chromatids are pulled apart, and Telophase where new nuclear membranes form around the newly separated chromosomes.
4. What is the process of Interphase?
Answer Explanation: Interphase is divided into three stages which are the G1, S, and G2 stage. During the G1 stage the cell begins to grow, during the S stage the cell replicates DNA, and during the last stage which is G2, the cell prepares to divide and produces protein needed for mitosis.
5. Describe the purpose of the three main stages in a cell cycle
Answer Explanation: The cell cycle is divided into 3 parts and they lead to division and duplication of the cells. The three main stages are Interphase, nuclear division, and cytokinesis. During the 3 stages of Interphase, the cell grows, replicates, and produces protein for Mitosis. Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical daughter cells during prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.